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I have a question. In Matthew 19:6, Jesus said, "what God hath joined together, let no man put asunder." What if two people, completely against God's will, go to the courthouse and get married? Did God have anything to do with it? Does God decree something based on fleshly acts of people living in sin?
This would be an issue if we believed in marriage as a sacrament, which is why the Roman Catholic church forbids Catholics from marrying outside of the church. They are then in a state of mortal sin until the marriage is rectified (that is, receiving the blessing of the Church with a second, Catholic marriage ceremony).
But we do not believe that marriage is a religious sacrament. Rather, it is a creation ordinance: an mandate instituted by God before the fall. The prototype marriage is that of Adam and Eve: the first man and the first woman, given to each other for life and producing offspring. It's not a sacrament, but part of human nature, to marry and start families. Nonbelievers are married, although imperfectly.
Paul in 1 Cor. 7:12-16 tells the Corinthian Christians not to seek to divorce an unbelieving spouse if the spouse is content to remain married. Paul doesn't tell them they aren't really married. Perhaps some of these people sinned and married non-Christians after their conversions. Probably most of them were already married before one of them became a Christian. In any case, their marriage is real and ought to be protected, as far as it depends on the Christian partner.
A marriage between unbelievers might be, in some sense, sinful (they are not rooting their marriage in God's purposes for sexuality, for example, or modelling the relationship between Christ and the church). However, an imperfect marriage is not no marriage at all.
To go back to this part of your question:
What if two people, completely against God's will, go to the courthouse and get married?
Well, that depends. What do you mean by "completely against God's will"? Did God send an angel to tell them to get married in the church? Almost certainly not, so they're not disobeying a direct divine command. In Scripture, marriage is a fact, but it doesn't lay out a specific procedure for doing weddings. So they're not going against the revealed will of God, either.
They might have sinful reasons for avoiding a church wedding, such as a personal tiff with the pastor. But on the other hand, maybe their reasons are perfectly reasonable and pragmatic, such as not having a lot of money to spend on an elaborate ceremony and reception that aren't the point anyway. A $10,000 wedding at church and the community centre later isn't more godly or lasting than the no-frills, $300 ceremony in front of an officiant at city hall.
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